A London street in Lincolnshire

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Tucked away in an area of woodland in Kew Gardens there is a timber-framed brick cottage with a thatched roof. It was originally single storey but later had an upper floor added. It was built between 1754 and 1771 for Queen Charlotte, a cottage orné to serve as a destination for her rural walks, a place to rest and take tea; to experience what she imagined to be the bucolic lifestyle of a yeoman farmer without getting her hands dirty. The desire to build in old styles was a notable feature of the Georgian period. Alongside the styles that they invented they also built using features of Greek and Roman architecture, invented a style of Gothic architecture sufficiently different, yet like the original that it came to be called "Gothick".

The Victorians continued this trend emulating the Italianate villas of the Mediterranean in their suburban detached and semi-detached housing, and at the most extreme borrowing details from Egyptian, Saracenic and Indian architecture. They too plundered Gothic with abandon. However, like the Georgians they built much that owed little or nothing to past styles. And, unlike the Georgians they built it virtually anywhere, too often heedless of vernacular and local traditions. The twentieth century followed suit with, for example, watered down European "Moderne" influencing suburban houses of the 1930s, Georgian columns and bulls-eye windows favoured in the 1970s and Victorian tile-hanging, plinths, roof cresting and fake half-timbering being popular in the 1990s. The same style of house appeared on estates and streets the length and breadth of the country.

I was reflecting on this the other day when I was looking at Barkham Street in Wainfleet All Saints, Lincolnshire. The centre of this small country town is filled with modest brick buildings of the Georgian and Victorian periods, usually two storey, often with the door opening on to the pavement. Consequently to turn a corner and see a London street plonked down amongst the unassuming Lincolnshire housing is something of a surprise. And it is a London Street too. A plaque on the buildings notes: "Barkham Street. Built in 1847 for Bethlem Hospital according to the design of Sydney Smirke, their architect, and named after their benefactor. A number of similar terraces stood in Southwark near Bethlem hospital." Smirke is best known as the architect of the circular Reading Room of the British Museum. Both sides of his street have the same rather grand elevations with the main living storey slightly elevated by a basement and emphasised by steps to the front door and stone framed windows. The relative importance of the two floors above is signified by differing window treatments. The houses make a fine sight, though a very unusual one for this locality.

photograph and text © Tony Boughen

Camera: Sony RX100
Mode: Aperture Priority
Focal Length: 14.1mm (38mm - 35mm equiv.)
F No: f7.1
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iPads, schools, books and libraries

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The day I took this photograph was the day Apple unveiled the iPad. What's the connection between a medieval school building in Lincolnshire and the latest techno gadget you may be thinking? Well, this school, that was built in 1485, and remained a place of education for about 480 years, a few years after closing its doors to students, was re-opened as the local public library - which it remains to this day. And is it not the case that Steve Jobs' electronic tablet is the most recent in a long line of technological innovations that is predicted to see off the printed word? Aren't we all, in a few years, going to be reading our news, our novels, our non-fiction, etc on an iPad, a Kindle, a Sony Reader, or whatever the next incarnation e-reader is called? And won't the words be delivered electronically to our devices without us having to set foot out of the house? Well, maybe, but perhaps not.

The demise of books has been long foreseen, and certainly predates the rise of the latest generation of substitutes for the printed word. But, the number of books published and sold, so I read (in my wood-pulp based newspaper) is now at an all-time high. It seems that reading matter, in the form devised by Gutenberg about 50 years before the construction of this school, has a long future ahead of it despite the arrival of upstart electronic versions. Or should that be because of them, for it seems that just as computers produced not the paperless-office, but workplaces overflowing with ever more of the stuff, so too does technology feed print and vice versa. Consequently, perhaps the dire warnings about the uncertain future of public libraries is also a touch overstated. They seem to have successfully grasped technology and given it a place alongside their more traditional fare. So, the borrowing of library-books is likely to survive for some time yet. And who wouldn't want to take advantage of the local library if it was a building like the one at Wainfleet?

For another blog photograph of this venerable building see here.

photograph & text (c) T. Boughen

Camera: Lumix LX3
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Focal Length: 5.1mm (24mm/35mm equiv.)
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Schools and society

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British society is riven by inequalities that have their roots in the vastly unequal distribution of wealth. In recent years these inequalities have become entrenched, and social mobility is now worse than it was forty years ago. After World War Two the public education system was reorganised, with the result that bright children from poor backgrounds found it easier to get into higher education. This was good for society, good for those individuals, and good for the economy because the people's potential was better realised.

Today, however, that progress has not only stalled, it has gone into reverse. At the root of the problem is Britain's class system. Those with money, position and power believe it is theirs by right, that they deserve their abundance, and they are increasingly reluctant to share it - except with their offspring. So, one of the tools they use to achieve their selfish ends is the education system . The richest segment of society, by and large, educates its children in private schools. They rationalise this decision by saying that they can buy a better education than the free state schools provide. In fact, their money buys social position, private schools being more adept at giving pupils the qualifications necessary for higher education, particularly at the elite universities, and entry into the professions. A group of those who aspire to private education, but who can't afford to pay for it, seek a grammar school education. These state-funded selective schools cream off higher attaining pupils at age 11, educate them separately from the rest of their age group, and aim, at the end of their school time, to place them in the better universities and ultimately, the better jobs.

Many don't see a problem with this. I do. The result of this social and educational apartheid is that the remainder of the country's children - in fact the vast majority - receive a poorer education than they might otherwise, and are denied the life-chances of the more affluent. Many intelligent children who would benefit from a university education don't get it because their places are taken by less bright (but better qualified) pupils from private and grammar schools. The nation as a whole suffers socially and economically from the depredations of these odious institutions. Those who do get to higher education from state schools demonstrate, by the quality of their degrees, that they and their education are in no way inferior to their more favoured colleagues, but, there are far fewer than there should be, particularly in the elite group of universities. Some of us expected a Labour government, particularly one that achieved three successive terms of office, to deal with this pressing issue. How naive we were!

Today's photograph prompted this diatribe. It shows the public library in the village of Wainfleet All Saints, Lincolnshire. This was originally a school, built in 1484 by Bishop Waynflete of Winchester, who also founded Magdalen College, Oxford. At a time when England's schools were all privately financed, Wainfleet fed pupils to its Oxford college. However, from 1877 until 1933 it was a selective grammar school, and is still called "the old grammar school" by those who remember that period. Interestingly, from 1951 to 1966 it was a Secondary Modern School - an establishment for all those pupils who did not attend a grammar or private school, but no one ever calls it by that less elevated name! It became what must be one of the most ancient public libraries in the country in 1968. Mmmm, on second thoughts, perhaps there is a future for those grammar and private schools after all!

photograph & text (c) T. Boughen

Camera: Olympus E510
Mode: Aperture Priority
Focal Length: 15mm (30mm/35mm equiv.)
F No: f7.1
Shutter Speed: 1/200
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Exposure Compensation: -0.3 EV
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